Masu yuwuwar masu siyan sabbin injunan niƙa ya kamata su fahimci abubuwan da ke tattare da ƙazamin tsari, yadda haɗin gwiwar ke aiki, da nau'o'i daban-daban na suturar ƙafar ƙafa.
An daidaita wannan shafin yanar gizon daga labarin da Barry Rogers ya buga a cikin Nuwamba 2018 fitowar na Machine / Shop kari na Modern Machine Shop mujallar.
A cikin labarin ƙarshe game da batun injin niƙa, mun tattauna ainihin abin jan hankali na injin niƙa da yadda ake gina su.Yanzu, mun yi la'akari da yadda tsarin abrasive ke aiki da abin da ake nufi ga masu siyar da sabbin injuna a kasuwa.
Nika fasaha ce mai ɓarna da ke amfani da dabaran niƙa azaman kayan aikin yankewa.Dabarar niƙa ta ƙunshi ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi masu kaifi.Lokacin da dabaran ke juyawa, kowane barbashi yana aiki kamar kayan aikin yankan aya guda.
Ana samun ƙafafun niƙa a cikin nau'ikan girma dabam, diamita, kauri, girman hatsi masu lalata da masu ɗaure.Abrasives ana auna a cikin raka'a na barbashi size ko barbashi size, tare da barbashi masu girma dabam jere daga 8-24 (m), 30-60 (matsakaici), 70-180 (lafiya) da 220-1,200 (sosai lafiya).Ana amfani da makin mafi ƙarancin inda dole ne a cire adadi mai yawa na abu.Gabaɗaya, ana amfani da mafi kyawu bayan matakin da ya dace don samar da ƙarewar ƙasa mai santsi.
An yi dabaran niƙa da nau'ikan abrasives iri-iri, gami da silicon carbide (yawanci ana amfani da su don karafa marasa ƙarfe);alumina (an yi amfani da ƙarfe mai ƙarfi da itace; lu'u-lu'u (ana amfani da su don niƙa yumbu ko gogewar ƙarshe); da kuma boron nitride mai siffar sukari (wanda aka saba amfani da shi don gami da ƙarfe).
Za a iya ƙara rarrabuwa abrasives azaman abin ɗaure, mai rufi ko haɗin ƙarfe.An haɗa ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙwayar cuta tare da ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta da mai ɗaure, sa'an nan kuma an danna shi cikin siffar dabaran.Ana kora su a yanayin zafi don samar da matrix mai kama da gilashi, wanda aka fi sani da abrasives mai ɗimbin yawa.An yi rufaffiyar abrasives da hatsi masu ɓarke da aka ɗaure zuwa sassauƙaƙƙiya (kamar takarda ko fiber) tare da guduro da/ko manne.An fi amfani da wannan hanya don bel, zanen gado, da petals.Metal bonded abrasives, musamman lu'u-lu'u, an gyara su a cikin karfe matrix a cikin nau'i na madaidaicin ƙafafun niƙa.An ƙera matrix ɗin ƙarfe don sawa don fallasa kafofin watsa labarai na niƙa.
Kayan haɗin gwiwa ko matsakaici yana gyara abrasive a cikin dabaran niƙa kuma yana ba da ƙarfin girma.Ana barin ɓoyayyiya ko pores da gangan a cikin ƙafafun don haɓaka isar da sanyi da sakin kwakwalwan kwamfuta.Dangane da aikace-aikacen dabaran niƙa da nau'in abrasive, ana iya haɗa wasu filaye.Ana ƙididdige shaidu a matsayin kwayoyin halitta, vitrified ko ƙarfe.Kowane nau'i yana ba da takamaiman fa'idodin aikace-aikacen.
Na halitta ko guduro adhesives iya jure matsananci yanayi nika, kamar jijjiga da kuma babban gefe sojojin.Organic binders musamman dace don ƙara adadin yankan a cikin m machining aikace-aikace, kamar karfe miya ko abrasive ayyukan yankan.Waɗannan haɗe-haɗe kuma suna dacewa da daidaitaccen niƙa na kayan aiki masu ƙarfi (kamar lu'u-lu'u ko yumbu).
A cikin madaidaicin niƙa na kayan ƙarfe na ƙarfe (kamar ƙarfe mai tauri ko gami na tushen nickel), haɗin yumbu na iya samar da kyakkyawan sutura da aikin yanke kyauta.An tsara haɗin yumbura musamman don samar da mannewa mai ƙarfi ga barbashi na boron nitride (cBN) ta hanyar halayen sinadarai, wanda ke haifar da kyakkyawan rabo na yankan ƙara zuwa lalacewa.
Maɓallan ƙarfe suna da kyakkyawan juriya na lalacewa da riƙe surar.Za su iya kewayo daga samfuran lantarki guda ɗaya zuwa ƙafafu masu yawa waɗanda za a iya yin ƙarfi da yawa.Ƙafafun da aka haɗe da ƙarfe na iya zama da wuya a iya sawa yadda ya kamata.Koyaya, sabon nau'in dabaran niƙa tare da haɗin ƙarfe mara ƙarfi za'a iya yin ado cikin salo mai kama da dabaran niƙa na yumbu kuma yana da halaye iri ɗaya mai fa'ida mai yankewa kyauta.
A lokacin aikin niƙa, dabaran niƙa za ta ƙare, ta zama dushewa, rasa siffar kwane-kwane ko "load" saboda kwakwalwan kwamfuta ko kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu manne da abrasive.Sa'an nan, da nika dabaran fara shafa workpiece maimakon yankan.Wannan yanayin yana haifar da zafi kuma yana rage tasirin ƙafafun.Lokacin da nauyin motar ya karu, zance yana faruwa, wanda ke shafar ƙarshen aikin aikin.Lokacin zagayowar zai karu.A wannan lokacin, injin niƙa dole ne a “tufafi” don ƙayyadadden dabarar niƙa, ta haka ne za a cire duk wani abu da ya rage a saman injin niƙa da maido da injin niƙa zuwa ainihin siffarsa, yayin da yake kawo sabbin barbashi masu ɓarna a saman.
Ana amfani da nau'ikan riguna da yawa don niƙa.Mafi na kowa shine madaidaicin madaidaici, mai adon lu'u-lu'u na kan jirgin, wanda ke a cikin toshe, yawanci a kan babban akwati ko tarkacen na'ura.Saman motar niƙa ta ratsa ta cikin wannan lu'u-lu'u mai ma'ana guda ɗaya, kuma ana cire ɗan ƙaramin injin niƙa don kaifi.Za a iya amfani da tubalan lu'u-lu'u biyu zuwa uku don gyaggyara saman, gefen, da siffar dabaran.
Rotary trimming yanzu shahararriyar hanya ce.Rotary dresser an lullube shi da ɗaruruwan lu'u-lu'u.Yawancin lokaci ana amfani da shi don aikace-aikacen niƙa mai rarrafe.Yawancin masana'antun sun gano cewa don tafiyar matakai da ke buƙatar samar da babban sashi da/ko jure juzu'in sashi, gyaran jujjuyawar ya fi gyare-gyaren maki ɗaya ko tari.Tare da gabatarwar yumbu superabrasive ƙafafun, rotary dress ya zama dole.
Oscillating dresser wani nau'in sutura ne da ake amfani da shi don manyan ƙafafun niƙa waɗanda ke buƙatar zurfafawa da tsayin sutura.
Ana amfani da rigar layi ta layi don niƙa ƙafa daga na'ura, yayin amfani da na'urar kwatancen gani don tabbatar da bayanin martaba.Wasu injinan niƙa suna amfani da na'urorin fitar da wutar lantarki da aka yanke da waya don yin suturar ƙafafun haɗin ƙarfe waɗanda har yanzu suke kan injin niƙa.
Ƙara koyo game da siyan sabbin kayan aikin inji ta hanyar ziyartar "Jagorar Siyan Kayan Aikin Na'ura" a cikin Cibiyar Ilimi ta Techspex.
Haɓaka zagayowar camshaft lobe niƙa a al'ada ba ta dogara da kimiyya ba, kuma fiye da dogaro akan hasashen ilimi da niƙa mai yawa.Yanzu, software na sarrafa zafin jiki na kwamfuta na iya yin hasashen wurin da ƙona lobe zai iya faruwa don sanin saurin aiki mafi sauri wanda ba zai haifar da lahani na zafi ga lobe ba, kuma yana rage adadin abubuwan da ake buƙata na gwaji.
Biyu kunna fasahar-super abrasive ƙafafun da high-madaidaicin servo iko-hau don samar da kwane-kwane nika tsari kama da waje juyi ayyukan.Don aikace-aikacen niƙa na tsakiyar ƙarar OD da yawa, wannan hanyar na iya zama hanya don haɗa matakan masana'anta da yawa zuwa saiti ɗaya.
Tun da creep feed nika iya cimma high kayan cire rates a cikin kalubale kayan, nika iya ba kawai zama na karshe mataki na tsari-yana iya zama tsari.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-02-2021