Ofuna kugula makina atsopano opera ayenera kumvetsetsa ins and outs of the abrasive process, how abrasive bond imagwirira ntchito, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya magudumu opera.
Cholemba chabuloguchi chasinthidwa kuchokera ku nkhani yofalitsidwa ndi Barry Rogers mu Novembala 2018 ya Machine/Shop supplement ya Modern Machine Shop magazine.
M'nkhani yomaliza pamutu wa opukusira, tidakambirana za kukopa kwakukulu kwa ogaya komanso momwe amapangidwira.Tsopano, tikuyang'anitsitsa momwe ndondomeko yowonongeka imagwirira ntchito komanso zomwe zikutanthawuza kwa ogulitsa makina atsopano pamsika.
Kugaya ndi abrasive processing teknoloji yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito gudumu lopera ngati chida chodulira.Gudumu lopera limakhala ndi tinthu tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono.Pamene gudumu likuzungulira, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala ngati chida chodulira chimodzi.
Mawilo opera akupezeka mumitundu yosiyanasiyana, ma diameter, makulidwe, kukula kwake kwambewu ndi zomangira.Ma Abrasives amayezedwa mumagulu a kukula kwa tinthu kapena kukula kwa tinthu, ndi kukula kwa tinthu kuyambira 8-24 (coarse), 30-60 (yapakati), 70-180 (zabwino) ndi 220-1,200 (zabwino kwambiri).Magulu okulirapo amagwiritsidwa ntchito pomwe zinthu zambiri ziyenera kuchotsedwa.Nthawi zambiri, giredi yabwino kwambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pambuyo pa giredi yokulirapo kuti ikhale yosalala pamwamba.
Gudumu lopera limapangidwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya abrasives, kuphatikizapo silicon carbide (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zopanda chitsulo);aluminiyamu (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zitsulo zolimba kwambiri ndi matabwa; ma diamondi (omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogaya kapena kupukuta komaliza); ndi kiyubiki boron nitride (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati alloy Steel).
Ma abrasives amathanso kugawidwa kukhala omangika, ophimbidwa kapena omangidwa ndi zitsulo.Abrasive yosasunthika imasakanizidwa ndi njere za abrasive ndi binder, ndiyeno amakanikizidwa mu mawonekedwe a gudumu.Amawotchedwa pa kutentha kwakukulu kuti apange matrix ngati galasi, omwe amadziwika kuti vitrified abrasives.Zomangamanga zokutira zimapangidwa ndi njere zonyezimira zomangika ku gawo lapansi losinthika (monga pepala kapena ulusi) wokhala ndi utomoni ndi/kapena zomatira.Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga malamba, mapepala, ndi pamakhala.Zitsulo zomangira zitsulo, makamaka diamondi, zimakhazikika muzitsulo zachitsulo monga mawilo opera bwino.Matrix achitsulo adapangidwa kuti azivala kuti awonetsere media akupera.
Chomangira cholumikizira kapena sing'anga chimakonza abrasive mu gudumu lopera ndikupereka mphamvu zambiri.Ma voids kapena pores amasiyidwa mwadala m'magudumu kuti apititse patsogolo kutulutsa koziziritsa komanso kutulutsa tchipisi.Malingana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito gudumu lopera ndi mtundu wa abrasive, zodzaza zina zikhoza kuphatikizidwa.Ma bond nthawi zambiri amagawidwa ngati organic, vitrified kapena metallic.Mtundu uliwonse umapereka phindu lachindunji.
Zomatira za organic kapena utomoni zimatha kupirira mikhalidwe yovuta, monga kugwedera ndi mphamvu zofananira nazo.Organic binders makamaka oyenera kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa kudula mu akhakula Machining ntchito, monga zitsulo kuvala kapena abrasive kudula ntchito.Kuphatikizika kumeneku kumathandiziranso kugaya mwatsatanetsatane kwa zinthu zolimba kwambiri (monga diamondi kapena zoumba).
Pogaya mwatsatanetsatane zida zachitsulo (monga chitsulo cholimba kapena ma aloyi a nickel), chomangira cha ceramic chimatha kupereka mavalidwe abwino kwambiri komanso ntchito yaulere yodula.Chomangira cha ceramic chimapangidwa makamaka kuti chipereke kumamatira kwamphamvu kwa tinthu tating'ono ta cubic boron nitride (cBN) kudzera munjira yamankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chiŵerengero chabwino kwambiri cha kudula voliyumu mpaka kuvala kwamagudumu.
Makiyi achitsulo ali ndi kukana kovala bwino komanso kusunga mawonekedwe.Atha kukhala kuchokera kuzinthu zamtundu umodzi wamagetsi mpaka mawilo amitundu yambiri omwe amatha kukhala amphamvu komanso owundana.Mawilo omangidwa ndi zitsulo angakhale ovuta kuvala bwino.Komabe, mtundu watsopano wa gudumu lopera lokhala ndi chitsulo chosasunthika ukhoza kuvekedwa mofanana ndi gudumu lopera la ceramic ndipo uli ndi khalidwe lopindulitsa lomwelo lakupera kwaulere.
Panthawi yopera, gudumu logaya lidzatha, lidzakhala lopanda phokoso, lidzataya mawonekedwe ake kapena "katundu" chifukwa cha chips kapena chips chomwe chimamatira ku abrasive.Kenako, gudumu lopera limayamba kusisita chogwirira ntchito m'malo modula.Izi zimatulutsa kutentha ndikuchepetsa mphamvu ya mawilo.Pamene magudumu akuchulukirachulukira, kukambirana kumachitika, zomwe zimakhudza kumapeto kwa workpiece.Nthawi yozungulira idzawonjezeka.Panthawiyi, gudumu lopera liyenera "kuvala" kuti liwongole gudumu lopera, potero limachotsa zinthu zilizonse zomwe zatsala pamwamba pa gudumu lopukuta ndikubwezeretsanso gudumu lopukuta ku mawonekedwe ake oyambirira, ndikubweretsa particles zatsopano zowonongeka pamwamba.
Mitundu yambiri ya magudumu opera imagwiritsidwa ntchito popera.Chofala kwambiri ndi chovala cha diamondi cha single point, static, onboard diamondi, chomwe chimakhala mu block, nthawi zambiri pamutu kapena pamutu pa makinawo.Pamwamba pa gudumu lopera limadutsa mu diamondi imodzi yokhayo, ndipo kagudumu kakang'ono kameneka kamachotsedwa kuti akunole.Midando iwiri kapena itatu ya diamondi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusintha pamwamba, mbali, ndi mawonekedwe a gudumu.
Kudula kwa Rotary tsopano ndi njira yotchuka.Chovala chozungulira chimakutidwa ndi ma diamondi mazana ambiri.Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chakudya chamagulu.Opanga ambiri amapeza kuti pamachitidwe omwe amafunikira kupanga gawo lalikulu komanso / kapena kulolerana kwapang'onopang'ono, kudula kozungulira kuli bwino kuposa kudula nsonga imodzi kapena masango.Ndi kuyambitsidwa kwa mawilo a ceramic superabrasive, kuvala mozungulira kwakhala kofunika.
Oscillating dresser ndi mtundu wina wa chovala chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawilo akulu opera omwe amafunikira kukwapula kozama komanso kotalika.
Chovala chapaintaneti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pogaya mawilo kutali ndi makina, pogwiritsa ntchito chofananira chowunikira kuti chitsimikizire mawonekedwe ake.Opera ena amagwiritsa ntchito makina otulutsa magetsi odulidwa ndi waya kuvala mawilo azitsulo omwe amaikidwabe pa chopukusira.
Phunzirani zambiri za kugula zida zamakina zatsopano poyendera "Makina Ogulira Chida Chothandizira" mu Techspex Knowledge Center.
Kukongoletsedwa ndi ma camshaft lobe akupera kwanthawi yayitali sikutengera sayansi, komanso kutengera malingaliro ophunzitsidwa bwino komanso kupera kwa mayeso ambiri.Tsopano, kompyuta matenthedwe chitsanzo mapulogalamu akhoza kulosera m'dera limene lobe woyaka zingachitike kudziwa yachangu ntchito liwiro kuti sadzachititsa kuwonongeka matenthedwe lobe, ndi kuchepetsa kwambiri chiwerengero cha zofunika mayeso akupera.
Ma teknoloji awiri opangitsa matekinoloje - mawilo othamanga kwambiri komanso owongolera bwino kwambiri a servo-aphatikiza kuti apereke njira yopera yofananira ndi matembenuzidwe akunja.Pazinthu zambiri zapakatikati mwa voliyumu ya OD, njira iyi ikhoza kukhala njira yophatikizira masitepe angapo opanga kupanga kumodzi.
Popeza kugaya chakudya cham'mimba kumatha kukwaniritsa mitengo yayikulu yochotsa zinthu muzinthu zovuta, kugaya sikungakhale gawo lomaliza la ndondomekoyi - ikhoza kukhala njirayo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-02-2021