Abathengi abangase babe bemishini emisha yokugaya kufanele baqonde ukungena nokuphuma kwenqubo yokugwaza, indlela ibhondi eqhumayo esebenza ngayo, nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokugqoka amasondo okugaya.
Lokhu okuthunyelwe kwebhulogi kuthathwe esihlokweni esishicilelwe u-Barry Rogers kumagazini kaNovemba ka-2018 wokugcwalisa uMshini/Isitolo kumagazini we-Modern Machine Shop.
Esihlokweni sokugcina esihlokweni sama-grinders, sixoxe ngokukhanga okuyisisekelo kwama-grinders nokuthi akhiwa kanjani.Manje, sibheka kabanzi ukuthi inqubo yokulimaza isebenza kanjani nokuthi isho ukuthini kubanikazi bezitolo bemishini emisha emakethe.
Ukugaya ubuchwepheshe bokucutshungulwa kwe-abrasive obusebenzisa isondo lokugaya njengethuluzi lokusika.Isondo lokugaya liqukethe izinhlayiya eziqinile, ezibukhali.Lapho isondo lizungeza, uhlamvu ngalunye lusebenza njengethuluzi lokusika elinephuzu elilodwa.
Amasondo okugaya atholakala ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, ubukhulu, ubukhulu, osayizi bokusanhlamvu obunamaqabunga kanye nama-binders.Ama-Abrasives akalwa ngamayunithi osayizi wezinhlayiyana noma usayizi wezinhlayiyana, ezinosayizi bezinhlayiyana ezisukela ku-8-24 (amaholoholo), 30-60 (omaphakathi), 70-180 (okuhle) kanye no-220-1,200 (okuhle kakhulu).Amabanga amaholo asetshenziswa lapho inani elikhulu lezinto kufanele lisuswe.Ngokuvamile, ibanga elingcono lisetshenziswa ngemva kwebanga eliqinile ukuze kukhiqizwe isiphetho esibushelelezi.
Isondo lokugaya lenziwe ngama-abrasives ahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi i-silicon carbide (evame ukusetshenziselwa izinsimbi ezingenayo insimbi);i-alumina (esetshenziselwa ingxubevange yensimbi enamandla amakhulu nokhuni; amadayimane (asetshenziselwa ukugaya ngeceramic noma ukupholisha okokugcina); kanye ne-cubic boron nitride (evame ukusetshenziselwa ingxubevange yensimbi).
Ama-Abrasives angaphinde ahlukaniswe njenge-bond, coated noma insimbi eboshiwe.I-abrasive engaguquki ixubene nezinhlamvu ezilumayo kanye ne-binder, bese icindezelwa esimweni sesondo.Ashiswa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu ukuze enze i-matrix efana nengilazi, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-vitrified abrasives.Ama-abrasive amboziwe enziwe ngezinhlamvu ezilumayo eziboshelwe ku-substrate eguquguqukayo (njengephepha noma i-fiber) ene-resin kanye/noma iglue.Le ndlela isetshenziswa kakhulu kumabhande, amashidi, namacembe.Ama-abrasives aboshwe ngensimbi, ikakhulukazi amadayimane, agxilile ku-matrix yensimbi ngendlela yamasondo okugaya anembile.I-metal matrix yakhelwe ukuthi igqoke ukuze kuvezwe imidiya yokugaya.
Izinto ezibophayo noma okulingene kulungisa i-abrasive esondweni lokugaya futhi inikeza amandla amaningi.Izimbobo noma izimbotshana zishiywa ngamabomu emasondweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulethwa kokupholisa kanye nokukhulula ama-chips.Kuye ngokusetshenziswa kwesondo lokugaya kanye nohlobo lwe-abrasive, amanye ama-filler angafakwa.Amabhondi ngokuvamile ahlukaniswa njenge-organic, vitrified noma metallic.Uhlobo ngalunye lunikeza izinzuzo eziqondene nohlelo lokusebenza.
Izinto ezinamathelayo ze-organic noma ze-resin zingamelana nezimo ezinzima zokugaya, njengokudlidliza namandla asemaceleni aphezulu.Izibophezelo ze-Organic zifaneleka ngokukhethekile ekukhuphuleni inani lokusika ekusetshenzisweni kwemishini enzima, njengokugqokisa insimbi noma imisebenzi yokusika i-abrasive.Lezi zinhlanganisela futhi zisiza ekugayweni okunembayo kwezinto eziqinile (njengedayimane noma izitsha zobumba).
Ekugayweni okunembayo kwezinto zensimbi ensimbi (njengensimbi eqinile noma ama-alloys asekelwe ku-nickel), isibopho se-ceramic singanikeza ukugqoka okuhle kakhulu nokusebenza kokusika kwamahhala.Ibhondi ye-ceramic yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhlinzeka ngokunamathela okuqinile ezinhlayiyeni ze-cubic boron nitride (cBN) ngokusebenzisa ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, okuholela esilinganisweni esihle kakhulu sokusika ivolumu kuya ekugqokeni kwamasondo.
Okhiye bensimbi banokuhle kakhulu ukumelana nokugqoka kanye nokugcinwa komumo.Angasukela emikhiqizweni ye-electroplated enesendlalelo esisodwa kuya kumasondo anezingqimba eziningi angenziwa aqine kakhulu futhi aminyene.Amasondo ahlanganiswe ngensimbi angase abe nzima kakhulu ukugqokwa ngokuphumelelayo.Kodwa-ke, uhlobo olusha lwesondo lokugaya elinebhondi yensimbi ephukayo lungagqokwa ngendlela efana nesondo lokugaya le-ceramic futhi linokuziphatha okufanayo okuzuzisayo kokusika mahhala.
Phakathi nenqubo yokugaya, isondo lokugaya lizoguga, libe buthuntu, lilahlekelwe isimo salo se-contour noma "umthwalo" ngenxa yama-chips noma ama-chips anamathela ku-abrasive.Khona-ke, isondo lokugaya liqala ukuhlikihla i-workpiece esikhundleni sokusika.Lesi simo sidala ukushisa futhi sinciphise ukusebenza kahle kwamasondo.Lapho umthwalo wesondo ukhula, ukuxoxa kwenzeka, okuthinta ukuphela kwendawo yokusebenza.Isikhathi somjikelezo sizokhuphuka.Ngalesi sikhathi, isondo lokugaya kufanele "ligqoke" ukuze lilole isondo lokugaya, ngaleyo ndlela lisuse noma iyiphi into esele ebusweni besondo lokugaya futhi ibuyisele isondo lokugaya esimweni salo sangempela, kuyilapho iletha izinhlayiya ezintsha ezihlabayo phezulu.
Izinhlobo eziningi zokugqoka amasondo okugaya zisetshenziselwa ukugaya.Okuvame kakhulu isigqoko sedayimane esinephuzu elilodwa, esimile, esitholakala ebhulokhini, ngokuvamile ku-headstock noma isitaki somshini.Ingaphezulu lesondo lokugaya lidlula kuleli phuzu elilodwa ledayimane, futhi inani elincane lesondo lokugaya liyasuswa ukuze lilole.Amabhulokhi edayimane amabili kuya kwamathathu angasetshenziswa ukuguqula indawo engaphezulu, izinhlangothi, nokuma kwesondo.
Ukunquma ngeRotary manje sekuyindlela edumile.I-Rotary dresser imbozwe ngamakhulu amadayimane.Ivamise ukusetjenziselwa ukugaya ukudla kwe-creep feed.Abakhiqizi abaningi bathola ukuthi ezinqubweni ezidinga ukukhiqizwa kwengxenye ephezulu kanye/noma ukubekezelela izingxenye eziqinile, ukusika okujikelezayo kungcono kunokusikwa kwephoyinti elilodwa noma iqoqo.Ngokwethulwa kwamasondo e-ceramic superabrasive, ukugqoka okujikelezayo sekuyisidingo.
I-Oscillating dresser ingolunye uhlobo lwesigqoko esisetshenziselwa amasondo amakhulu okugaya adinga imivimbo yokugqoka ejulile futhi ende.
Isigqoko esingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi sisetshenziswa kakhulu ukugaya amasondo kude nomshini, kuyilapho kusetshenziswa isiqhathanisi sokubona ukuze kuqinisekiswe iphrofayili yomumo.Ezinye izigayi zisebenzisa imishini yokukhipha ugesi esike ngocingo ukuze kugqokiswe amasondo ensimbi asafakwe emshinini wokugaya.
Funda kabanzi mayelana nokuthenga amathuluzi omshini amasha ngokuvakashela “Umhlahlandlela Wokuthenga Ithuluzi Lomshini” ku-Techspex Knowledge Center.
Ukuthuthukisa imijikelezo yokugaya i-camshaft lobe ngokwesiko bekuncikile kusekelwe kusayensi, futhi okwengeziwe kusekelwe ekuqageleni okufundisiwe nokuhlola ukugaya okubanzi.Manje, isofthiwe yekhompyutha ye-thermal modelling ingabikezela indawo lapho ukushiswa kwe-lobe kungase kwenzeke khona ukuze kunqunywe isivinini sokusebenza esisheshayo esingeke sibangele umonakalo oshisayo ku-lobe, futhi sinciphise kakhulu inani lokugaya okudingekayo kokuhlola.
Ubuchwepheshe obubili obuvumelayo-amasondo abrasive super kanye nokulawulwa kwe-servo okunemba okuphezulu ukuhlanganisa ukuze kunikeze inqubo yokugaya i-contour efana nemisebenzi yokujika yangaphandle.Kuzinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zokugaya ze-OD ezimaphakathi nevolumu, le ndlela ingase ibe indlela yokuhlanganisa izinyathelo eziningi zokukhiqiza zibe ukusetha okukodwa.
Njengoba ukugaya ukudla kwe-creep feed kungafinyelela amazinga aphezulu okususwa kwezinto ezintweni eziyinselele, ukugaya kungase kungabi isinyathelo sokugcina senqubo kuphela-kungase kube inqubo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Aug-02-2021